11. Labour costs and employee numbers – continuing operations
(a) Labour costs (including executive directors)
| Notes | 2022 US$m | 2021 US$m | |
| Wages and salaries | 1,604 | 1,446 | |
| Social security costs | 254 | 217 | |
| Share incentive plans | 33(a) | 158 | 111 |
| Pension costs – defined benefit plans | 35(a) | 8 | 6 |
| Pension costs – defined contribution plans | 68 | 58 | |
| Other employee benefit costs | 27 | 25 | |
| Employee benefit costs | 2,119 | 1,863 | |
| Other labour costs | 194 | 132 | |
| 2,313 | 1,995 |
Wages and salaries included redundancy costs of US$28m in the year ended 31 March 2021 (note 14(d)). Other labour costs includes those in respect of external contractors, outsourcing and the recruitment, development and training of employees. The definition of key management personnel, and an analysis of their remuneration, is given in note 46(d).
Other labour costs have been reanalysed during the year, to better reflect the labour cost split, and other employee benefit costs are now shown separately. The comparative figures for the year ended 31 March 2021 have been re-presented to reflect this change.
(b) Average monthly number of employees (including executive directors)
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
| Full-time | Part-time | Full-time- equivalent | Full-time | Part-time | Full-time- equivalent | ||
| North America | 8,669 | 56 | 8,697 | 6,992 | 49 | 7,016 | |
| Latin America | 4,538 | 137 | 4,606 | 3,289 | 77 | 3,328 | |
| UK and Ireland | 3,129 | 221 | 3,240 | 3,191 | 243 | 3,313 | |
| EMEA/Asia Pacific | 3,858 | 100 | 3,908 | 3,955 | 69 | 3,989 | |
| Total operating segments | 20,194 | 514 | 20,451 | 17,427 | 438 | 17,646 | |
| Central Activities | 200 | 12 | 206 | 181 | 16 | 189 | |
| 20,394 | 526 | 20,657 | 17,608 | 454 | 17,835 | ||